Manufacture

Aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn round wire Aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn round wire is a round wire produced through a drawing process. It features uniform diameter, a smooth surface, and excellent electrical conductivity, making it widely used in wire and cable, electronics, and other fields. Pure aluminum drawn round wire has high conductivity and is a primary material forMore

Aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn (rolled) seamless pipes Aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn (rolled) seamless tubes are seamless aluminum tubes produced through a drawing or rolling process. They feature a compact structure, excellent pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance, playing a key role in multiple industrial sectors. Compared to welded aluminum tubes, seamless tubes lack weld defects and can withstand higherMore

Aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded flat bars Aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded flat bar is a rectangular or flat cross-section aluminum product produced through an extrusion process. Combining the lightweight properties of aluminum with the high strength of alloy reinforcement, it holds a crucial position in the industrial sector. Compared to other aluminum materials, extruded flat bar offers high cross-sectionalMore

Aluminum and aluminum alloy plates and strips Aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets and strips are important aluminum products with high production volume and wide applications. Made from pure aluminum or aluminum alloys, they are rolled into sheets and strips of varying thicknesses. They offer excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and ease of processing. Pure aluminumMore

Aluminum tube butt welding aluminum plastic tube Another important aluminum-plastic composite pipe is the butt-welded aluminum tube. Its aluminum tube layers are connected using a butt-welding process, where the two edges of the aluminum strip are directly butted and then welded to form a tubular structure with no overlap, which is then composited with the inner and outer plastic layers.More

Aluminum tube lap welding aluminum plastic tube Lap-welded aluminum-plastic pipe is a new type of pipe material composed of a plastic layer, an aluminum tube layer, and an adhesive layer. Its core structural feature lies in the aluminum tube layers being joined using a lap-welding process to form a stable tubular structure. This structure is then tightly bonded to theMore

Continuous casting round billet crystallizer copper tube The copper tube for the continuous casting round billet mold is a key component of the mold during the continuous steel casting process. It comes into direct contact with the hot molten steel. Forced cooling by cooling water allows the molten steel to initially solidify within the tube, forming a billet shell. ThisMore

Cold rolled tin bronze sheet Cold-rolled tin bronze sheet is a sheet product made from tin bronze through a cold rolling process. It has excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and processing performance, and is widely used in machinery manufacturing, aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances, shipbuilding and other fields. Tin bronze is a copper-tin alloy. The addition of tinMore

Cold rolled twisted steel bars Cold-rolled twisted rebar is a new type of steel product developed based on cold-rolled ribbed rebar. It uses a cold-rolling process to twist the rebar, creating spiral ribs and a twisted shape on the surface, further enhancing its bonding and mechanical properties with concrete. Compared to conventional cold-rolled ribbed rebar, cold-rolled twisted rebar has higherMore

Cold rolled brass sheet Cold-rolled brass sheet is a sheet product made from brass through a cold-rolling process. It exhibits excellent mechanical properties, processing capabilities, and corrosion resistance, making it widely used in electronics, machinery manufacturing, architectural decoration, aerospace, and other fields. Brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and its properties vary depending on its zinc content. The cold-rolling process furtherMore

cold-rolled steel strip Cold-rolled steel strip is a strip-shaped steel product made from hot-rolled steel strip through a cold-rolling process at room temperature. It features high dimensional accuracy, excellent surface quality, and superior mechanical properties. It is widely used in a wide range of industries, including automotive manufacturing, mechanical processing, electronics, and architectural decoration. Compared to hot-rolled steel strip, cold-rolledMore

Cold rolled ribbed steel bars Cold-rolled ribbed steel bars are a type of steel product with ribs uniformly distributed along their length, formed through a cold-rolling process. They feature high strength, good plasticity, and excellent bonding with concrete, making them widely used in construction projects. Compared to hot-rolled steel bars, cold-rolled ribbed steel bars exhibit significantly higher yield strength andMore

Cold rolled pure copper plate Cold-rolled pure copper sheet is a sheet product made from pure copper through a cold-rolling process. It exhibits excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and corrosion resistance, making it an indispensable material for applications in electronics, electrical appliances, aerospace, architectural decoration, and other fields. While pure copper typically has a purity of over 99.5%, high-purityMore

Code and bundle weight of cold-formed steel The code and bundle weight of cold-formed steel are important aspects of cold-formed steel product standards and logistics management, and are directly related to product identification, selection, transportation, and storage. Cold-formed steel, a special-shaped steel produced through the cold-bending process, comes in a wide variety of varieties and complex specifications. To facilitate production,More

Cold-formed corrugated steel sheets and strips Cold-bent corrugated steel plates and strips are steel products with wavy cross-sections that are processed through the cold-bending process. Their unique corrugated structure gives the material excellent mechanical properties and structural stability. Compared with ordinary flat steel, the corrugated design can significantly improve the bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity of steel plates and stripsMore

Cold drawn steel bars Cold-drawn steel bar is a steel product produced through a cold-drawing process. Using hot-rolled steel bar as the blank, it is drawn through a die at room temperature, reducing the cross-sectional dimensions and increasing the length of the bar while achieving higher dimensional accuracy and surface quality. The cold-drawing process not only allows the diameter toleranceMore

Cold drawn special-shaped seamless steel pipe Cold-drawn special-shaped seamless steel pipe is a seamless steel pipe with a special cross-sectional shape processed through a cold drawing process. Compared with ordinary round steel pipes, its cross-section can be square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, elliptical, and other complex special-shaped structures, making it better able to adapt to installation and use requirements under differentMore

Copper and copper alloy strips for detonators Detonator copper and copper alloy strip is a high-precision copper alloy strip specifically used in detonator manufacturing. Because it must maintain stable performance and reliable safety in explosive environments, extremely high demands are placed on material quality and performance. This type of copper alloy strip is typically made from copper, brass, or phosphorMore

Drawn zinc-nickel copper rod Drawn white copper rod is a ternary alloy composed primarily of copper, nickel, and zinc. Its silvery-white metallic luster evokes its name. Nickel typically accounts for 10% to 20%, zinc for 15% to 25%, and the remainder is copper. After the drawing process, this alloy retains the excellent electrical and thermal conductivity of copper while alsoMore

Drawn tin bronze rod Drawn tin bronze rod is a copper alloy rod with copper as the base and tin as the primary alloying element. After being drawn, it exhibits excellent overall performance and has a long history of application and an irreplaceable position in the industrial field. The addition of tin not only significantly enhances the strength, hardness, andMore

Drawn ordinary brass rod Drawn brass rod is a copper alloy primarily composed of copper and zinc. Formed through a drawing process, it is one of the most widely used copper alloys in industry. The addition of zinc significantly increases the strength and hardness of brass compared to pure copper, while maintaining copper’s excellent ductility and workability, making it easyMore

Drawn aluminum bronze rod Drawn aluminum bronze rod is a copper alloy material with copper and aluminum as the primary alloying elements. Produced through a drawing process, it exhibits a range of excellent properties. The addition of aluminum not only enhances the copper’s strength and hardness but also imparts excellent corrosion and wear resistance, making it particularly stable in high-temperatureMore

Drawn Silicon Bronze Rod As a high-performance copper alloy material, drawn silicon bronze rods occupy an irreplaceable position in the industrial field. Its main component is copper as the matrix, with a certain proportion of silicon added, and sometimes supplemented with other alloying elements such as manganese and nickel, forming a unique alloy structure. After the drawing process, this materialMore

Drawn Cadmium Bronze Rod Drawn cadmium bronze rod is produced through a cold-drawing process. It contains 98.5%-99% copper and 1%-1.5% cadmium. It exhibits high conductivity, strength, and excellent wear resistance, making it widely used in conductive and wear-resistant components such as motor commutators, switch contacts, and brush holders. Its diameter typically ranges from 5-100mm and its length from 1-6m. ItsMore

Telescopic antenna sleeve The telescopic antenna sleeve is the outer protective casing of telescopic antennas used in devices such as radios, walkie-talkies, and car radios. Typically made of insulating or metal materials, it supports the antenna rod, provides insulation, and provides decorative aesthetics. Lengths typically range from 100-500mm , diameters from 5-20mm , and wall thicknesses from 0.5-2mm . TheMore

Seamless copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment Seamless copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment are core pipes used to transport refrigerants in refrigeration systems. Due to copper’s excellent thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and low-temperature toughness, they play a crucial role in heat exchange and media transmission in refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and coldMore

Copper and copper alloy contact wires for electric traction Copper and copper alloy contact wires for electric traction are key conductive materials used in rail transit traction power supply systems, transmitting electrical energy to trains through sliding contact with the pantograph. Due to their high conductivity, wear resistance, and fatigue resistance, copper and copper alloys hold a core position inMore

Aluminum alloy contact wire for electric traction Aluminum alloy contact wire for electric traction is an aluminum alloy wire used for pantographs in rail transit systems (such as high-speed rail, subways, and light rail). It transmits electrical energy to the train through sliding contact with the pantograph’s slide plate and is a key component of the traction power supply system.More

Seamless copper tube for cable Seamless copper cable tubes are high-precision, tubular copper materials used for cable protection, conductor shielding, and as inner sheaths for high-voltage cables. Due to copper’s high conductivity, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength, they play a key role in high-voltage power cables, submarine cables, and specialty cables. They typically have an outer diameter of 8-150 mmMore

Brass wire for bells Brass wire for clockwork is a specialized wire used in the production of precision components such as gears, hands, and springs. Its excellent cutting performance, elasticity, and surface quality make it indispensable in mechanical clocks, architectural tower clocks, and artistic wall clocks. Commonly used brass wire grades include H62, H65, and HPb59-1. H62 brass wire offersMore

Brass plates and strips for watches Brass sheet and strip for watches are core materials for precision watch movements and exterior components. They offer excellent processing properties, wear resistance, and a beautiful golden color, making them widely used in mechanical watches, quartz watches, smartwatches, and other applications. Key grades include H62, H65, and H68. H62 brass, with a copper contentMore

Aluminum alloy pipe for rock drill Aluminum alloy pipes for rock drills are core components of rock drilling equipment, primarily used in the manufacture of impact pistons, cylinders, and gas pipelines. They require high strength, wear resistance, and lightweight properties, playing a key role in mining, tunnel construction, and construction rock drilling. Commonly used materials include high-strength aluminum alloys suchMore

Copper and copper alloy flat strips for lead frames Copper and copper alloy flat ribbon for leadframes is a key packaging material for integrated circuits and semiconductor devices. It connects the chip’s internal circuitry with external wiring and requires extremely high conductivity, excellent formability, and weldability, making it a core component in the electronics and information industry. Common materials includeMore

Aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn bars for general industrial use General industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn rods are rod-shaped aluminum products produced through a cold-drawing process. They feature high dimensional accuracy, excellent surface quality, and stable mechanical properties, making them widely used in general machinery, hardware tools, medical devices, and other fields. Materials include 1 Series (pure aluminum), 2More

Aluminum and aluminum alloy plates and strips for general industrial use General industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets and strips are among the most widely used aluminum materials in the industrial sector. They are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, easy to process, and cost-effective, making them widely used in industries such as machinery manufacturing, packaging, construction, and transportation. This product range includes multipleMore

Copper alloy tube for pressure gauge Copper alloy tubes for pressure gauges are precision tubing specifically designed for pressure measuring components in instruments such as pressure gauges and pressure sensors. Featuring excellent airtightness, corrosion resistance, and processability, they are indispensable for pressure measurement in industries such as industry, chemical engineering, and medicine. Common materials include brass (H62, H65), tin bronzeMore

Zinc-nickel copper strip Nickel-nickel strip, a member of the nickel-nickel series, offers excellent elasticity, corrosion resistance, and weldability, while also boasting an attractive silvery-white luster. It is widely used in electronics, watches, medical devices, and other fields. Key grades include BZn15-20 and BZn18-18. BZn15-20 strip has an elastic limit of ≥250 MPa, making it suitable for springs and elastic components.More

Zinc-nickel copper plate Nickel-nickel silver sheet is an alloy composed of copper with nickel and zinc added. Due to its silvery-white metallic luster and excellent corrosion resistance, it is also known as “German Silver.” It is widely used in instrumentation, medical equipment, and decorative applications. Common grades include BZn15-20 (15% nickel, 20% zinc) and BZn18-18 (18% nickel, 18% zinc). BZn15-20More

Aluminum alloy plate for washing machine Aluminum alloy sheet for washing machines is a material specifically designed for use in washing machine components such as inner and outer drums, panels, and more. It boasts lightweight, corrosion resistance, easy formability, and affordable cost, making it widely used in both front-loading and top-loading washing machines. Key grades include 3003, 5052, and 6061.More

Tin bronze strip Tin bronze strip is an alloy strip with a copper base and 3-14% tin. Elements such as phosphorus, zinc, and lead may be added to improve performance. It offers excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, elasticity, and fatigue resistance, and is widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive, and instrumentation. Common grades include QSn4-3 (4% tin, 3% zinc) andMore

Oxygen-free copper plate and strip Oxygen-free copper sheet and strip are copper products with extremely high purity (copper content ≥99.95%) and extremely low oxygen content (≤0.003%). Their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good plasticity, and weldability make them an irreplaceable force in high-end applications such as electronics, aerospace, and precision instruments. Based on production processes and purity levels, they areMore

Silver-plated soft round copper wire Silver-plated soft round copper wire is a composite wire made by uniformly coating the surface of high-purity soft round copper with a layer of silver. Combining the high conductivity of copper with the stability and oxidation resistance of silver, it is a key conductive material in high-end applications such as high-frequency communications, aerospace, and precisionMore

Tinned round copper wire Tinned round copper wire is a composite wire with a uniform layer of tin electroplated on the surface of pure copper. Due to copper’s high conductivity and tin’s solderability and corrosion resistance, it is a common material in electronic cables, electrical connectors, winding coils, and other fields. It comes in a wide range of diameters, fromMore

Nickel-plated round copper wire Nickel-plated round copper wire is a composite wire with a uniform nickel coating formed on the surface of high-purity round copper wire through electroplating or chemical plating. It combines the excellent conductivity of copper with the corrosion and wear resistance of nickel. It is widely used in electronic connectors, high-temperature conductors, precision instruments, and other fields.More

Chrome-zirconium bronze rod for electrode material Chromium-zirconium bronze rods for electrode materials are high-performance copper alloys with alloying elements such as chromium and zirconium in their copper matrix. Their excellent electrical conductivity, high-temperature strength, and wear resistance make them a key material for electrical processing applications such as resistance welding electrodes and EDM electrodes. These rods typically range in diameterMore

Electrical round copper wire Electrical round copper wire is a round wire made from high-purity copper through drawing, annealing, and other processes. Its excellent electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties make it a core conductive material for electrical equipment such as wires and cables, motors, and appliances. Available in a wide range of diameters, from ultra-fine 0.05 mm to thickMore

Electrical round aluminum wire Electrical round aluminum wire is a round wire made from pure aluminum or aluminum alloys through a drawn process. It is widely used in electrical equipment such as wires and cables, motor windings, and transformer coils, serving as a crucial foundation for power transmission and conversion. Its diameter typically ranges from 0.5 to 10 mm, withMore

Trapezoidal steel wire for spring washers Trapezoidal steel wire for spring washers is a special-shaped steel wire specifically designed for the manufacture of spring washers. Its trapezoidal cross-section offers exceptional dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties, making it an indispensable auxiliary fastener component in mechanical connections. Spring washers rely on their inherent elastic deformation to provide a continuous preload in boltMore

Oxygen-free copper tube for magnetron Oxygen-free copper tubes are the core components of magnetrons. Magnetrons, as microwave-generating electronic tubes, are widely used in microwave ovens, radar, industrial heating equipment, and other fields. The quality of these oxygen-free copper tubes directly impacts the performance and service life of magnetrons. These tubes are manufactured from oxygen-free copper with a purity exceeding 99.97%,More

Pure copper strip Pure copper strip is a strip of high-purity copper material made through rolling, annealing, and other processes. Its copper content is typically above 99.5%. Due to its purple-red color, it is often called red copper strip. This material, with its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and corrosion resistance, plays a vital role in numerous fields, includingMore

Electrical soft copper stranded wire Electrical soft copper stranded wire is a flexible conductive wire made from multiple strands of high-purity soft copper wire. It boasts excellent conductivity, flexibility, and fatigue resistance, making it widely used in power systems, electrical equipment, and communications engineering. Its primary function is to transmit current or signals. Its multi-strand structure offers improved bending andMore

Electrical soft copper brush wire Electrical soft copper brush wire is a flexible conductive wire used in rotating electrical equipment such as motors and generators to connect brushes to external circuits. Its primary function is to transmit current from the fixed portion to the rotating portion, ensuring the proper operation of the equipment. Made from high-purity electrolytic copper (copper contentMore

Electric welded steel pipes for low and medium pressure boilers Electric-welded steel pipes for low- and medium-pressure boilers are specifically used to manufacture components such as heating surface tubes, economizer tubes, and superheater tubes in low- and medium-pressure boilers. Operating pressures typically do not exceed 5.9 MPa, and operating temperatures are below 450°C. They play a vital role in industrialMore

Stainless steel small diameter seamless steel pipe Small-diameter stainless steel seamless pipe typically refers to seamless stainless steel pipe with an outer diameter of less than 50 mm. Featuring compact size, strong corrosion resistance, and excellent mechanical properties, it is widely used in fluid transportation, medical equipment, instrumentation, and other fields. Made from high-quality stainless steel round billets through hotMore

Stainless steel cold worked steel bars Cold-finished stainless steel bars are produced through cold working processes such as cold drawing and cold rolling. Compared to hot-rolled bars, they offer higher dimensional accuracy, better surface quality, and superior mechanical properties. They are widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive parts, precision instruments, and other fields. These bars are made from hot-rolled steelMore

Stainless steel ultra-thin wall seamless steel pipe Ultra-thin-wall seamless stainless steel pipe is a precision pipe with a unique structure. Its wall thickness typically ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and its outer diameter to wall thickness ratio can exceed 50. Its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance make it widely used in high-end applications such as aerospace, medical devices,More

Bending stress and strain state of bending die During the bending process, the stress and strain state within the material is complex and changes dynamically throughout the bending phase. Understanding the distribution and changing characteristics of stress and strain is key to optimizing die design and controlling the quality of bent parts. Bending stress primarily includes radial stress, tangential stress,More

Bending process and deformation characteristics of bending die The bending process in a bending die is a gradual plastic deformation process in which the material transitions from a flat state to a curved state. This process can be divided into three stages: elastic bending, elastoplastic bending, and plastic bending. The material deformation characteristics and stress distribution vary significantly in eachMore

Bending die bending method Bending with a die is a key process for achieving plastic deformation of materials to obtain desired part shapes. Various bending methods are used, depending on the part’s shape complexity, precision requirements, and production batch size. Each method has its own unique die structure and process characteristics. Choosing the right bending method can significantly improve productionMore

Dimension design of the working part of the bending die The dimensional design of the working portion of a bending die directly impacts the precision of the bent part, the life of the die, and the stability of the forming process. These parameters primarily include the punch corner radius, the die corner radius, the die opening width, and the gapMore

Typical structure of bending die The typical structure of a bending die is designed based on the part’s shape, precision requirements, and production batch size. Different bending die structures exhibit significant differences in forming efficiency, precision control, and ease of operation. Common bending die structures include single-step bending dies, compound bending dies, progressive bending dies, and universal bending dies. EachMore

Calculation of bending forces Bending force calculation is a core element in bending process design and equipment selection, directly impacting press tonnage selection, mold strength design, and production safety. Bending force refers to the force required to produce plastic deformation in a material during the bending process, and its magnitude is influenced by a variety of factors, including material properties,More

Bending force, ejection force and pressing force Bending force, ejector force, and press force are three key force parameters in the bending process. These three factors work together to influence the forming quality and production efficiency of the bent part. Bending force is the primary driver of plastic deformation in the material, ejector force is used to eject the workpieceMore

Bending force when the bent part is freely bent The bending force during free bending of a part is the force required to produce plastic deformation in the material without additional corrective forces. It is an important factor in selecting press tonnage and designing mold structures. The magnitude of the free bending force depends on factors such as the mechanicalMore

Calculation of unfolded dimensions of bent parts Calculating the unfolded dimensions of bent parts is a key step in ensuring the final dimensional accuracy of parts during bending process design. Its core principle is to transform the three-dimensional shape after bending into the flat blank dimensions before bending, based on the fact that the length of the neutral layer ofMore

Determination of the Position of the Strain Neutral Layer of Bending Parts The strain neutral layer of a bent part refers to the fiber layer that remains constant during bending, neither stretched nor compressed. It serves as the benchmark for calculating the length of the bent part blank. During bending, the outer material layer stretches and the inner material compresses,More

Bending force when bending parts are corrected Corrective bending force during bending refers to the additional corrective force applied to the part at the end of the bend, forcing the material to undergo more complete plastic deformation and reducing springback. Compared to free bending, corrective bending forces are greater, typically 3-5 times greater. The corrective bending force is determined basedMore

Calculation of the length of the bending blank Calculating the blank length of a bent part is a crucial step in bending process design. Its purpose is to determine the length of the flat blank before bending, ensuring that the final dimensions of the part meet design requirements. Because the material undergoes plastic deformation during the bending process, the lengthMore

Measures to reduce springback of bent parts Springback in bent parts can lead to reduced dimensional accuracy, increased assembly difficulty, and even product rejection. Therefore, targeted measures are needed to minimize springback. These measures should be integrated throughout the bending process design, mold construction, material handling, and production process. By optimizing process parameters, improving mold structure, and adjusting material properties,More

Determination of Springback Value of Bending Parts The springback value of a bent part refers to the difference between the actual angle or radius of the bent part after unloading and the die’s formed dimensions. It is a crucial factor in mold design and process adjustments. Accurately determining the springback value can avoid the increased costs and cycle times associatedMore

Springback of bent parts and its prevention method Springback is a common phenomenon in the bending process caused by the elastic recovery of the material. It refers to the deformation of the workpiece, where the bending angle and radius deviate from the mold’s formed dimensions after the bending force is removed. This phenomenon stems from the simultaneous plastic and elasticMore

Bending part rebound method Springback in bent parts refers to the phenomenon in which the angle and radius of a bent part change due to elastic recovery after the external bending force is removed. This is an unavoidable defect in the bending process and directly affects the dimensional accuracy of the bent part. The essence of springback is that theMore

Bending part push force and pressing force The ejector force and presser force of a bent part are important parameters in the design of bending dies, directly affecting the forming quality of the bent part and the service life of the die. The ejector force refers to the force that pushes the workpiece against the punch from below during theMore

Bending process and mold design and manufacturing Bending is a stamping process that uses dies to bend flat blanks or profiles into parts with specific curvatures and angles. It is widely used in industries such as automotive manufacturing, electronics, and instrumentation. Parts such as automobile frames, mobile phone cases, and brackets all require bending. The core of the bending processMore

Control method of the gap between punch and die The gap between the punch and die (abbreviated as punch-die gap) is a key parameter in the design and manufacture of stamping dies. It refers to the gap between the punch and die cutting edges, which directly affects the quality of the stamped parts, the service life of the die, andMore

CNC wire-cut EDM CNC wire EDM (wire EDM for short) is a specialized machining method that uses a continuously moving thin metal wire (electrode wire) as an electrode to etch away material through pulsed discharge. It is widely used in mold manufacturing to produce complex-shaped parts, such as punches, dies, and special-shaped cutting edges in punch dies, and cores andMore

Mold layout method The die layout method is a core step in stamping process design that determines material utilization and production efficiency. It refers to the method of rationally arranging stamping parts on strips or sheets. Scientific layout not only reduces material waste but also ensures the stability of the stamping process, reduces die wear, and extends die life. TheMore

mold fitter Mold fitters are an essential skill in mold manufacturing and repair. They primarily use manual labor and specialized tools to complete mold assembly, commissioning, trimming, and maintenance, earning them the nickname “mold doctors.” Unlike other machining jobs, mold fitters emphasize precision and comprehensive skills. They handle the precise fits and complex adjustments difficult to achieve through mechanical machining,More

Arrangement, overlap, material width and material utilization Layout, overlap, stock width, and material utilization are crucial parameters in stamping process design, directly impacting part quality, production efficiency, and manufacturing costs. Layout refers to the arrangement of stamped parts on a strip or sheet of stock; overlap refers to the excess material between parts or between a part and the edgeMore

Mold assembly sequence Mold assembly is the process of assembling finished mold parts into a complete mold according to a specific sequence and requirements. A reasonable assembly sequence ensures mold assembly accuracy and performance, minimizing assembly errors and rework. Mold assembly must adhere to the principles of “benchmarks first, then general work; bottom first, then top; inside first, then outside;More

Main equipment and processing methods for mold manufacturing Mold manufacturing is a comprehensive process involving a variety of equipment and processing methods, with different equipment and methods being suitable for different mold parts and processing stages. Key equipment for mold manufacturing includes metal cutting machines, specialized processing equipment, heat treatment equipment, and testing equipment. Processing methods encompass cutting, specialized processing,More

Mold fitter marking Mold marking is the process of marking machining boundaries, positioning references, and inspection lines on the surface of a blank or semi-finished part using a marking tool according to the mold drawing requirements. It is a crucial preparatory step before mold processing. Marking clarifies the machining range and dimensions of the part, providing a basis for subsequentMore

Mold fitter filing Mold fitter filing involves manually cutting the surface of mold parts using a file. Primarily used to adjust the size, shape, and surface finish of parts, it is one of the most fundamental and crucial skills for mold fitters. With a precision of up to 0.01mm and surface roughness down to Ra0.8μm, filing is ideal for finalMore

Mold polishing Mold polishing is the process of removing tiny surface bumps on the mold through mechanical, chemical, or electrochemical methods, reducing surface roughness and improving surface finish. It is the final finishing step in mold manufacturing. Polishing quality directly impacts the mold’s service life and the surface quality of the finished product. Especially for plastic and die-cast molds, aMore

Determination of mold component dimensions Determining mold component dimensions is a core step in mold design, directly impacting mold assembly accuracy, service life, and product quality. The dimensions of each component must be comprehensively calculated based on product requirements, process performance, and material properties, while also taking into account manufacturing tolerances, assembly clearances, and wear allowances to ensure stable formingMore

Mold structure design Mold structure design is the premise and foundation of mold manufacturing. It transforms a product’s three-dimensional model into a machinable and assembleable mold component combination scheme, encompassing the mold’s overall structure, component layout, kinematic relationships, and strength verification. Excellent mold structure design must balance forming performance, manufacturing difficulty, and production costs, ensuring the mold meets product precisionMore

Mold processing and milling machine processing Milling, a process used in mold manufacturing, utilizes milling cutters to perform surface machining on mold components, including flat surfaces, curved surfaces, grooves, and cavities. This method boasts a wide range of machining capabilities and strong adaptability, making it widely used in roughing, semi-finishing, and even partial finishing stages of mold manufacturing. Milling removesMore

Mold processing boring machine processing Boring machines in mold manufacturing utilize a boring tool to machine holes, surfaces, and grooves in mold components. They are primarily used for high-precision hole and hole systems, particularly for machining critical holes such as guide pin holes, recessed mold holes, and bearing holes. Boring machines offer high precision (hole diameter tolerances can reach IT6-IT7,More

Mold processing CNC machining CNC machining in mold manufacturing utilizes digital control technology to automate the processing of mold parts. By converting machining parameters into digital instructions, it controls machine tools to perform operations such as cutting and grinding. This method offers high precision, efficiency, and flexibility. CNC machining has revolutionized the traditional mold manufacturing model, which relied on manualMore

Mold processing and grinding machine processing Grinding in mold processing involves cutting the surface of mold parts using abrasive tools (grinding wheels, abrasive belts, etc.). It is primarily used to improve the dimensional accuracy, form and position accuracy, and surface quality of parts, making it an important tool for mold finishing. Grinding offers high precision (dimensional tolerances up to ±0.001mm,More

Mold processing process The mold manufacturing process refers to the series of steps from mold design to finished mold delivery, encompassing rough machining, semi-finishing, finishing, heat treatment, assembly, and mold trialing. Each step is subject to strict technical requirements and quality control standards. A well-defined process ensures the machining accuracy, surface quality, and service life of mold components, while alsoMore

Mold processing EDM Electrospark machining (EDM) in mold processing utilizes the high temperatures generated by pulsed spark discharges between an electrode and a workpiece to remove material. It is particularly suitable for machining high-hardness, high-toughness mold materials (such as hardened steel and cemented carbide), as well as complex mold cavities and holes. The machining principle is based on the sparkMore

Mold processing lathe processing Lathe machining, a process used in mold manufacturing, involves rotating the surface of mold parts using a lathe. Primarily used for cylindrical mold components (such as guide pins, guide sleeves, punches, and die cutting edges), it can machine external diameters, internal bores, end faces, and threads, ensuring the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts.More

Mold mold base assembly Mold frame assembly involves assembling the various components of a mold frame (upper mold base, lower mold base, guide pins, guide sleeves, etc.) into a complete unit according to design requirements. Assembly accuracy directly impacts the mold’s guiding precision and operational stability. Mold frame assembly must adhere to the principles of “benchmark first, then general, bottomMore

Mold frame, mold base, guide device The die frame, die base, and guides are the fundamental components of the mold. Together, they provide mounting support and motion guidance for the mold’s working parts, ensuring precise fit and stable operation during the stamping process. The die frame is the mold’s skeleton, comprising the upper and lower die frames; the die baseMore

Determination of trimming allowance in continuous deep drawing The trimming allowance in continuous drawing refers to the amount of material removed after each drawing cycle to ensure smoothness and dimensional accuracy at the final part’s mouth. Due to uneven material deformation and springback during the continuous drawing process, the part’s mouth may become uneven, wavy, or have dimensional deviations. ReservingMore

Continuous drawing coefficient and relative drawing height The continuous drawing coefficient and relative drawing height are two key parameters for measuring the degree of deformation during continuous drawing. The continuous drawing coefficient reflects the proportional change in diameter during each drawing, while the relative drawing height reflects the ratio of part height to diameter. Together, they determine the feasibility andMore

Calculation of each height of continuous drawing Continuous deep drawing is a process that gradually forms a large-diameter blank into a small-diameter, tall cylindrical part through multiple deep drawing cycles. Calculating the height of each draw cycle is crucial for ensuring the final part size and quality. The height of each draw cycle must be determined based on the material’sMore

Design of deep drawing convex and concave dies The design of the punch and die is a core component of drawing die development. Its quality directly determines the forming accuracy, surface quality, and die life of the drawn part. The design must comprehensively consider part shape, material properties, production batch size, and equipment requirements. By optimizing the working part structureMore

Drawing convex and concave die corner radius The corner radius of the punch and die is a key parameter for controlling material flow and forming quality, directly affecting the drawing force, part wall thickness variation, and die wear. The punch corner radius (r convex ) refers to the transition radius between the punch base and sidewalls, while the die cornerMore

Total drawing process force Total drawing force refers to the total force required to complete the drawing process, including drawing force, blank holder force, and unloading force. It is an important basis for selecting press tonnage and evaluating mold strength. Accurately calculating total drawing force ensures sufficient press power output, preventing equipment damage or part defects caused by overload. ItMore

Calculation of radial dimensions of drawing convex and concave dies Calculating the radial dimensions of the punch and die is crucial for ensuring the dimensional accuracy of drawn parts. This calculation is based on factors such as the part’s dimensional tolerance, the drawing direction (whether blanking is followed by drawing or drawing first, then punching), and whether trimming is required.More

Drawing die and die structure design The structural design of the punch and die directly impacts material flow, part quality, and die life during the drawing process. Their design must be tailored to the shape, size, material properties, and production batch of the part being drawn. The punch and die structure consists of a working portion (radii, cutting edges), aMore

Drawing punch and die clearance The punch-die clearance, defined as half the difference between the punch’s outer diameter and the die’s inner diameter, is a crucial parameter in drawing die design, directly impacting the quality of the drawn part, the die’s lifespan, and the smoothness of the drawing process. A reasonable clearance ensures smooth material flow, reduces friction and wear,More

Selection of trimming allowance for drawn parts The trimming allowance for drawn parts refers to the amount of excess material removed after drawing to ensure the accuracy of the part’s mouth size and shape. Its proper selection directly impacts part quality and material utilization. Excessive trimming allowance increases material consumption and the workload of the trimming process; too little trimmingMore

Calculation of the blank size of drawn parts Calculating the dimensions of drawn parts is fundamental to drawing process design, and its accuracy directly impacts the part’s forming quality and material utilization. The core principle of this calculation is the law of conservation of volume, which states that the volume of the blank before drawing is equal to the volumeMore

Drawing process calculation Drawing process calculation is a crucial preparatory step before production. It provides a scientific basis for determining the drawing times, process parameters, and die dimensions, directly impacting the quality of drawn parts and production efficiency. Drawing process calculation involves multiple aspects, including the drawing coefficient, drawing force, blank holder force, and punch and die dimensions. These calculationsMore

Drawing process and mold design and manufacturing Drawing processes and mold design and manufacturing are the core technologies for achieving efficient, high-quality drawing production. Drawing process design involves determining the number of draws, process parameters, and process schedule. Mold design addresses mold structure, part dimensions, and auxiliary systems. Manufacturing ensures mold precision and surface quality. These three interrelated elements influenceMore

Deformation analysis of deep drawing Deep drawing is a forming process that uses a die to stamp a flat blank into an open, hollow part. The deformation process is complex, involving the plastic flow of the material, stress-strain distribution, and die-material interaction. In-depth analysis of the deformation characteristics of deep drawing is crucial for understanding forming mechanisms, predicting defects, andMore

Calculation of the Shape and Size of Rectangular Parts Calculating the shape and dimensions of rectangular blanks is a crucial step in drawing process design. Its core principle is to adhere to the law of conservation of volume while simultaneously considering the plastic flow characteristics of the material and the shape characteristics of the part. Unlike rotating parts, rectangular partsMore

Characteristics of deep drawing deformation of rectangular parts Deep drawing of rectangular parts is an asymmetric forming process, and its deformation characteristics differ significantly from those of rotating parts. This is primarily manifested in uneven deformation—corners and straight edges deform differently and influence each other. This unevenness makes rectangular parts more susceptible to defects such as wrinkling, cracking, and unevenMore

Process measures to reduce blanking force Blanking force is the shearing force exerted by the punch on the material during the stamping process. Excessive blanking force can lead to press overload, increased die wear, and part deformation. Process measures to reduce blanking force include optimizing the blanking method, adjusting process parameters, or improving die structure. While ensuring blanking quality, theseMore

Determination of blank size for simple rotating body drawing Determining the blank dimensions for simple rotational drawn parts (such as cylindrical, spherical, and conical shapes) is a fundamental step in drawing process design. Its core principle is the principle of volume invariance during plastic deformation, which states that the blank’s volume equals the volume of the drawn part (ignoring theMore

The influence of clearance on part quality Blanking clearance is a key factor affecting part quality, which primarily includes cross-sectional quality, dimensional accuracy, and shape precision. Clearance significantly impacts these three aspects by altering the material’s separation process and deformation state. A reasonable clearance ensures a smooth, dimensionally accurate, and regularly shaped part. However, excessive or insufficient clearance can leadMore

Effect of clearance on mold life Die clearance, the space between the punch and die, is a key parameter in stamping die design and significantly impacts die life. A reasonable clearance minimizes friction during material separation and evenly distributes force across the die, thereby reducing wear and extending die life. However, excessive or insufficient clearance can lead to increased dieMore

The significance of calculating blanking work and verifying blanking work Blanking work refers to the energy required to separate the material during the stamping process. Calculating and verifying this work is a crucial step in stamping process design and equipment selection, directly impacting production safety, economic efficiency, and equipment life. The amount of this work is closely related to factorsMore

Design of the drawing die for the cover The design of the cover drawing die is a special technology for deep drawing of various cover parts (such as automobile engine hoods and electrical appliance housings). It is suitable for cold-rolled steel plates, aluminum alloys and other materials with a thickness of 0.8-4mm. It can process flat blanks into open partsMore

Design of hot pressing die for support The design of hot pressing die for bearings is a special technology for forming bearing parts (such as bridge bearings and mechanical bearings) at high temperatures. It is suitable for high-strength alloy structural steel (such as 40CrNiMoA) with a thickness of 10-50mm, die steel and other materials. It can realize the integral formingMore

Design of Rotating Shaft Bending Die The pivot-type bending die design is a specialized technology for bending various rod-shaped and plate-shaped parts, such as furniture brackets and mechanical connecting rods. The bending is achieved through the rotation of a pivot. Suitable for materials with thicknesses ranging from 1-8mm for mild steel and stainless steel, it can achieve bending angles ofMore

Design of the Drawing Die for Tapered Parts The design of the taper drawing die is a special technology for forming taper parts (taper angle 15°-120°) such as frustum and funnel. It is suitable for materials such as low carbon steel and aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.5-6mm. It can achieve uniform forming of the taper surface, control theMore

Design of automatic unloading bending die The design of automatic unloading bending die is an efficient forming equipment integrating bending and automatic unloading functions. It is suitable for small bending parts (such as electronic connectors, hardware buckles) produced in batches. It can be used for copper strips and steel strips with a thickness of 0.1-3mm. It can achieve 90°-135° bending,More

Design of Punching Die for Slanted Cover The design of the bevel cover punching die is a special die technology for punching cover parts with inclined surfaces (such as automobile engine hoods and equipment inspection covers). It is suitable for materials such as aluminum alloys and stainless steel with a thickness of 1-5mm. It can punch out round holes orMore

Design of the wedge-reversing punch die The design of the wedge reversing die uses the wedge mechanism to convert the vertical movement of the press into a horizontal or inclined stamping movement. It is suitable for complex parts that require lateral punching, bending or cutting (such as automobile frame connectors, home appliance special-shaped brackets), and can complete multi-directional processing inMore

Design of the Inclined Wedge Internal Expansion Trimming Die The design of the inclined wedge internal expansion trimming die is a special die developed for the trimming of the mouth of cylindrical and cup-shaped parts (such as bearing sleeves and hydraulic cylinder barrels). The expansion block is driven by the inclined wedge to expand from the inside of the partMore

Cantilever die design The cantilever die design is a special die technology for local punching and trimming of large sheet metal edges or parts that are inconvenient to position as a whole (such as container side panels and machine tool bed edges). Its core feature is that the die body is cantilevered and can penetrate into the interior or edgeMore

Design of the Forming Die for the Fuel Tank Plate The fuel tank panel forming die design utilizes a comprehensive forming technology for deep drawing, flanging, and shaping thin sheet metal (0.8-2mm thick galvanized steel or aluminum alloy) used in automotive and hydraulic tanks. Complex curved surfaces (such as curved bottoms and sloped sidewalls) and sealing edges (5-15mm height) mustMore

Design of round tube shrinking and expanding die The design of round tube shrinking and expanding die is a special technology for shrinking (shrinking) or expanding (expanding) the ends of metal round tubes (such as air-conditioning copper tubes and automobile oil pipes). It can achieve a tube diameter change rate of 10%-30%, a roundness error ofMore

Design of the die for forming the cylinder side wall The design of the cylindrical side wall forming die is a special technology for forming structures such as ribs and grooves on the side walls of cylindrical parts (such as pressure vessel cylinders and pipe connectors). It is suitable for materials such as low-carbon steel and stainless steel with aMore

Design of cylindrical drawing die The design of the cylindrical drawing die is a key technology for forming a flat blank into a cylindrical part through multiple deep drawing. It is suitable for materials such as low-carbon steel and aluminum alloy with a thickness of 0.5-8mm. It can produce cylinders with a diameter of 10-500mm and a height of 50-1000mm.More

Mica sheet punching die design Mica sheet punching die design is a specialized technology for punching mica sheets (a high-temperature resistant insulating material with a thickness of 0.1-1mm). Suitable for punching components such as insulating gaskets and spacers in motors and electrical appliances, it can punch complex contours with a dimensional accuracy of ±0.05mm and a cut roughness of RaMore

Pipe bending die design The design of the pipe bending die is a special technology for bending metal pipes (such as steel pipes, copper pipes, and aluminum alloy pipes). It is widely used in the fields of automotive oil pipes, air conditioning pipes, and furniture brackets. It can achieve a bending angle of 90°-180° and a bending radius of R5-R100mm.More

Design of automatic bending die The bending automatic die design is an automated bending device that integrates mechanical transmission, pneumatic/hydraulic control and sensor detection. It is suitable for small bending parts (such as electronic component pins, hardware connectors) produced in batches. It can realize the full process automation of automatic feeding, positioning, bending and unloading. The production efficiency is 150-300More

Design of Tail Pipe Beading Die The design of the tail pipe rib pressing die is a forming technology for pressing reinforcing ribs on the outer surface of automobile exhaust tail pipes, air conditioning drain pipes and other pipes. By pressing annular or spiral ribs (height 0.5-3mm, width 2-10mm) on the surface of the pipe, the rigidity of the pipeMore

Design of non-guided universal die The guideless universal die design features a simplified structure, suitable for simple blanking parts such as gaskets and small brackets, with low precision requirements (dimensional tolerances IT12-IT14) and small production runs (annual production of less than 1,000 pieces). The material used is typically 0.5-5mm thick, made of mild steel or non-ferrous metals. Its key featureMore

Waste-free die design Waste-free die design is a highly efficient forming technology that optimizes nesting patterns to achieve virtually zero material waste during the blanking process (material utilization >95%). It is suitable for the mass production of narrow, elongated parts (such as blades and saw blades) and washers, using materials ranging from 0.1-2mm thick cold-rolled steel and copper strip. ItsMore

Design of Extrusion Die for Flangeless Forming Parts The extrusion die design for flangeless formed parts is a specialized die technology for edge trimming of flangeless cylindrical and box-shaped parts (such as bearing sleeves and small containers). Through a combined extrusion and shearing action, it removes burrs after deep drawing, resulting in a smooth finish (flatnessMore

Design of Flangeless Cylinder Drawing Die The design of flangeless cylindrical drawing die is a special technology for deep drawing of flangeless cylindrical parts (such as bearing sleeves and small containers). It is suitable for materials such as low carbon steel and stainless steel with a thickness of 0.5-5mm. It can draw flat blanks into the required cylindrical size onceMore

Automatic wire mold design Automatic wire mold design is an efficient mold technology for automatic forming of wires (such as iron wire, copper wire, and steel wire). It is suitable for the production of various wire products (such as springs, hooks, and fasteners). It can realize automatic feeding, cutting, bending, and forming of wires. The production efficiency can reach 100-500More

Inlay die design The inlay die design is a die technology that divides the key parts of the die, such as the punch and die, into several small pieces (inserts), and then splices them together. It is suitable for punching parts with complex shapes and large sizes (such as automobile covers and large electrical appliance housings). It can reduce theMore